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考研英语长难句【通用】
考研英语长难句1
1、If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
[译文]如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目， 这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。
[分析]本句是一个虚拟语句。it 代表上文提到的 atroubled business，即“问题重重的新闻界”。主语it 跟了两个并列的谓语成分：一是 would open up its diversity program，二是(would)look forreporters。reporters后面跟了一个定语从句。now focused narrowly on race and gender 是插入语，作 program的定语。
2、For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “ Succeed at allcosts but avoid appearing ambitious. ”
[译文]对于这样的人，以及更多也许不太出色的人而言，恰当的行为准则是： “不惜一切代价获得成功，但要避免让人看出雄心勃勃。”
[分析]For suchpeople and many more perhaps not so exceptional 是句子的.状语，主语是 the properformulation，谓语是系动词 is，表语是引号里的内容。
3、International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.
[译文]在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中，跨国公司的分支机构已经成为经济领域中一个快速增长的生产部门。
[分析]本句的主干是International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production ineconomies，后面的 that open up and welcome foreign investment 是 economies 的定语从句。注意一些词汇的含义：affiliate是名词，意为 “分支机构” ， 此处是指在世界各地都有分支的多国公司， 并且是全句的主语；account for 是“……的原因” ；economies 在此处指经济领域的国家概念，因此用复数。
4、I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower tradeand investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operationscapable of meeting customers demands.
[译文]我认为引起这场合并浪潮的最重要力量与导致全球一体化的力量是相同的： 运输通信费用下降；贸易与投资障碍减少；市场扩大。这一切都需要扩大业务往来满足消费者的需求。这对消费者只会有利而不会有害。
[分析]本句是一个嵌套宾语从句， 不过也并不难理解。 主句是 I believe that， that 后面是 I believe的内容。第二个宾语从句修饰的是 same，即 the same that underlie the globalization process。冒号的内容则进一步说明globalization process 的内容。
5、And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the US vs. Microsoft case?
[译文]在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中，如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案，一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的责任呢？
[分析]此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role， 而 that affect manyother nations 是 issues的定语从句。as in the US vs. Microsoft case 是 issues 的补语。on issues是 take upon itself the role 的状语。注意在阅读本句的时候要抓住它本身是一个文句， 另外，vs.的意思对正确理解也很重要，它是指 “对垒， 对阵” ，在法律的情景中就是“起诉，对簿公堂”的意思。
考研英语长难句2
【提要】考研英语信息 : 20xx考研英语长难句精选
( 1999年真题Section III Reading ComprehensionText5第4段第4句)
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
译文：审计人员也完全有理由相信，确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本不需要用一只眼盯着现金计数器，用另一只眼睛盯着显微镜，从而被分散了注意力。
分析：这个简单句的主语用的是形式主语it，真正的主语是for后面的部分。believe后面跟的是一个that引导的宾语从句，主干是scientists... should not be distracted by...，其中的.主语scientists跟了一个who引导的定语从句，这个定语从句的宾语分别是where和how引导的两个从句。by后面名词跟了一个of前导的动名词短语，后面还有一个while引导的伴随状语，表示同时发生的动作。注意动词词组keep an eye on的用法。
【词汇指南】
摘自《十天搞定考研词汇》(王江涛、刘文涛，20xx年8月)
reasonable[riznbl](adj.)合理的; 通情达理的; 公道的; 尚好的(超纲词汇)(20xx年-阅读1)(reason-理由,理性，able-形容词后缀→能够做到有理有据的——即“合理的; 通情达理的”，引申为“公道的; 尚好的”。)
(3个形近词)
●reasoned ['ri:znd](adj.)理由充分的;详尽论述的(20xx年-翻译)(reason-理由，ed-的 → 理由充分的——引申为“详尽论述的”。)
●reasonably [’ri:znbli](adj.)有理地;合理地(20xx年-阅读4)(reasn-理由;理性，ably-复合副词后缀,由able和ly组合而来 → 有理地;合理地)
●reasoninɡ [’ri:zni](n.)推理(20xx年-阅读3、20xx年-阅读3)(inɡ-名词后缀)
auditor [:dit](n.)审计员，稽核员(20xx年-新题型)
1个派生词：
●audit [':dit](n./v.)审计,查帐;旁听(CET-6、考研词汇)(aud=account-账目;报账，it-词根，走 → 所谓“审计”就是走过来听别人“报账”，即“审计,查帐”，引申为“旁听”。)
exactly [ig'zktli](adv.)确切地,精确地;恰好地,正好地(exact-确切的,精确的，ly-副词后缀 →“恰好地,正好地”是由“确切地,精确地”之意引申出来的)
1个扩展词：
●exact [iɡ'zkt](adj.)确切的,精确的(vt.)强要,勒索(CET-4)(ex-外,出去，act-行动,做 → 格“外”认真去“做”的、丝毫不敢马虎的——即“确切的;精确的”;而“做”的事超“出”了法律，“做出”了违法行为——即“强要;勒索”。)
eye[ai](n.)眼睛;眼光,鉴赏力(中考词汇)(有学者认为，该词具有象形色彩。其中左右两个“e”代表眼睛，中间“y”代表“鼻子”，整个单词呈现出的正是“眼睛”的形象。)
考点搭配：
keep an eye on sth. 关注…，留意…(20xx年-阅读4)
rapid eye movement 快速的眼睛运动(20005年-阅读3)
考研英语长难句3
To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.
译文：当然，他演绎了多种多样有趣的作品，但我并没有必要去艾弗瑞·费舍尔音乐厅或者其他地方听一场有趣的交响乐演出。
分析：本句由连词but连接的两个分句组成。第一个分句中，To be sure为插入语，在句中起强调作用。第二个分句中，it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to visit Avery Fisher Hall…，for me是不定式的逻辑主语，即visit这个动作的'发出者，to hear interesting orchestral music则是第二个分句的目的状语。
【词汇指南】
impressive [im'presiv](adj.)给人印象深刻的(CET-4)(ive-的)
1个派生词：
●impress [im'pres](vt.)压印;给…留下印象,使铭记(高考词汇)(im=in-向里，press-按,压 → 向里压、向里按——即“压印”，引申为“给…留下印象,使铭记”。)
visit ['vizit](v./n.)参观,访问(中考词汇)(vis-词根,看，it-词根,走 → 边走边看——即““参观,访问””)
1个派生词：
●visitor [vizit](n.)参观者,访问者;来客(中考词汇）(or-表人)
hall [h:l](n.)门厅;走廊,过道(中考词汇)(h-无意义，all=cell-单人房间、单人牢房 → 源于“门厅、走廊”就像“单人房间”一样狭窄。)
1个形近词：
●hale[heil](vt.)强拉;硬拖(adj.)强壮的,健壮的(CET-6、考研词汇)(有学者认为，“hale”一词具有拟声色彩，其发音似人们在劳动时所发出的“嘿哟、嘿哟”的呼吸声——即“强拉;硬拖”，引申为“强壮的,健壮的”。)
2个近义词：
●lobby ['lbi](n.)门厅;(会议)休息室(CET-6、考研词汇)(有学者认为，lo=lay-放置;躺，bby=body-身体[d-b反向同源] → 放躺身体休息的地方——即“门厅;(会议室的)休息厅”;因为摆放着沙发的“门厅”和“(会议)休息室”都是供客人临时休息的地方。)
●lounɡe [laund](n.)休息室;躺椅,卧榻(vi.)(懒洋洋地)倚靠,躺(高考词汇)(lo=lobby-休息室;unɡ=bench-长椅，e-尾缀 → 摆放在休息室里的长椅——即“躺椅,卧榻”，引申为“(懒洋洋地)倚靠,躺”。)
考点搭配：cocktail lounge 鸡尾酒会
考研英语长难句4
【必备金句1】The organization of districts that meet the criteria suggested would make it possible to resolve the small-school problem in all except isolated and sparsely populated areas where such schools may have to be continued regardless of higher costs.
【词汇及词组】criteria (判断的) 标准
resolve 解决〔问题、困难〕;下决心(resolve to do sth)
isolated 〔建筑物、村庄等〕孤零零的，偏僻的;〔人〕孤单的，孤独的
sparsely populated 人口稀少的
regardless of 不管
【结构精析】本句的主干是The organization of districts would make it possible to resolve the small-school problem in all except isolated and sparsely populated areas. 其中that meet the criteria suggested 是The organization of districts的后置定语从句，where such schools may have to be continued regardless of higher costs在句中作isolated and sparsely populated areas的后置定语从句。
【参考翻译】按照提出的标准进行校区的划分，这可能会解决地区内学校规模小的问题，但对于偏远的、人口稀少的地区，尽管花费比较大，规模小的学校可能还得继续办下去。
【必备金句2】While warnings are often appropriate and necessary – the dangers of drug interactions, for example – and many are required by state or federal regulations, it is not clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
【词汇及词组】appropriate 恰当的.;合适的
regulation 规则;条例;法令
liability 〔尤指法律上对还款、赔偿等的〕责任，义务
【结构精析】本句的主干是it is not clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 而While warnings are often appropriate and necessary and many are required by state or federal regulations是本句的让步状语从句。(注意：while除了可以引导时间状语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，大家在理解句子时要注意区分该词的用法)，在让步状语从句中，the dangers of drug interactions, for example 为插入语，对第一个让步小分句进行补充说明。
【参考翻译】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
以上两个句子为大家精析的阅读经典长难句，其中包括后置定语、定语从句及状语从句、插入语等语法知识点，希望大家认真分析这两个句子，进而掌握相关语法知识点，在翻译时注意使用不同翻译技巧进行翻译处理。
考研英语长难句5
The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards, leading to a similar loss of efficiency.
【核心词汇】
separate v.使分离，使分开
filter v.过滤，渗透
efficiency n.效率，效能
lead to 导致
【结构分析】
本句是主系表结构，主干是The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards，使用了as...as...结构，其中被比较的对象that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards中，that指代上文的`energy，过去分词结构needed to...作后置定语体现被动。其中主语energy由过去分词结构used to separate oxygen from air before burning作后置定语体现被动;句末的现在分词结构leading to a similar loss of efficiency做全句的结果状语。
【参考译文】
燃烧前将氧气从空气中分离所需要的能源几乎与随后将氮气过滤所需的耗费一样多，这就使得两者在效率损失上不相上下。
考研英语长难句6
Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
【核心词汇】
involve v.涉及，卷入
professional n. 专业人员a.专业的，职业的
spread v.伸展，延展
corporation n.企业，社团，公司
【结构分析】
本句主干是 this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional，这里的主语this指的是文章中的professional training，接着的地点状语in a country，其中country后面带了两个定语，前一个是形容词性的短语as large as ours，后一个是where引导的定语从句where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations，而这个从句的主语the economy有两个谓语动词is和involves，后面都用了相似的结构so many，表示强调。
【参考译文】
此外，在我们这么大的一个国家里，经济延展到这么多的`州，涉及这么多的国际公司，因而要培养出所需数量的各类专业人员是不太可能的。
考研英语长难句7
The engines would have variable nozzles, which would be fully opened on take-off and landing, so that the exhaust would be slow and relatively quiet, and narrowed when the aircraft was cruising, providing the necessary speed.
【核心词汇】
variable a.易变的，多变的
exhaust n.排气，废气，排气管
relatively ad.相当地，相对地 take-off起飞
【结构分析】
本句主句为The engines would have variable nozzles。其后的定语从句比较复杂，以逗号后and为切入点，得到which would be fully opened...and narrowed...，关系代词which指代先行词nozzles在从句中作主语。其中so that引导的.结果状语从句so that the exhaust would be slow and relatively quiet说明(nozzles)would be fully opened on take-off and landing情况发生时所产生的结果，句末的现在分词结构providing the necessary speed作(nozzles)would be narrowed when the aircraft was cruising情况发生时的伴随结果，其中when引导的从句作时间状语。
【参考译文】
引擎将配有各种各样的尾喷管，在起飞和降落时这些尾喷管会全部打开，这样喷气速度会下降，噪音也会更小;而在飞机巡航过程中，尾喷管将变小以保证必要的飞行速度。
考研英语长难句8
摘要：考研英语考试大纲对翻译部分的考查要求和考点的表述是：“主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文正确、完整、通顺。”这不仅考查考生对英语语法理解与掌握，更重要的是考查考生长难句的分析能力。
考研英语翻译的特点是长难句比较多，体现在两方面：一是修饰成分较多，二是句子结构层次较复杂，从句嵌提现象层出不穷。由此可见，长难句的结构分析在考研英语翻译中就显得尤为重要。考研英语翻译的难点之一就是长难句的结构句子。为了攻克长难句，应该注意以下几点：应熟练掌握英语中的“五种基本句型”。
英语中，常见的五种基本句型：
(1)主语+谓语(谓语为不及物动词)
(2)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+宾语
(3)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
(4)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+直接宾语+间接宾语
(5)主语+系动词+表语
在考研英语翻译中，划线部分的句子大多是长难句，但是不管句子有多长，句子结构有多复杂，这些句子都能够回归到英语的“五种基本句型”上，即再复杂的句子，只要提炼出主干或主句，就对句子的基本框架有了一个总体的把握。而这五种基本句型都必然包含一个谓语动词，所以谓语动词就是抓主干的突破口。英语句子由短到长，主要借助于连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等手段，其中连词主要是and, but等并列连词和what, which,who等从属连词。换句话说，这些连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等把句子分成了一个又一个的小意群，因而成了句子结构划分的拆分点。特别是连词在句子由短变长方面的.作用举足轻重，其中，并列连词把两个独立的分句连在了一起，从属连词把一个独立的分句与一个从句连接在了一起。但是，不管是从句还是分句都有自己的谓语动词，具体说来，and, but 连接的并列分句中的谓语动词都是主句谓语动词，而从属连词which, that, where 等所引导的从句中都各配备有一个属于从句的谓语动词。所以，在长难句的分析过程中，只要我们找到了这些连词和主从句的谓语动词，句子结构就一目了然了。
一、考研英语长难句的拆分点
(1)要明确拆分的目的
把英语长难句拆分的目的是把主句和从句拆分开来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分开来，理清句子结构。
(2)英语句子的拆分点
a.标点符号
标点符号是英语句子当中最为明显的切分标志，有几个典型的标点符号可以帮助我们迅速切分句子的意群。比如说双逗号、破折号、冒号、分号等。譬如，如果双逗号之间是介词短语或者是副词短语、或者双逗号前后是被分开的主谓结构，这时双逗号之间往往是插入语的成分，也就是说，读句子时为了把握住主干结构，可以先跳过这个成分，从而提高结构拆分的速度。破折号、冒号后面一般都是解释说明的部分，它们可以成为句子的拆分点。分号相当于and 把句子分成并列的意群，也是很好的拆分点。考生在读句子时应首先看看有没有这样的标点符号，从而更好地断句。
b.并列连词
考生一定搞清 and, or, but, yet, for 等都是并列连词，是并列句的拆分：点，这些并列连词连接的是并列句。
c.从属连词
考生一定要清楚从属连词引导从句，是主从复合句的拆分点。状语从句的连接词有：when, as, since, until ,before, after, where, because, though, although, so that等;名词性从句连接词有：that, whether/if, who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, when, where, how, why等;定语从句的连接词有：who, which, that, whom, whose, when, why, where等。
d.动词不定式和分词
不定式结构(to do)常常构成不定式短语，可以用来做定语或者状语，可以是拆分点;分词包括现在分词和过去分词，常常用来构成分词短语做定语或者状语等修饰语，也可以是拆分点。
e.介词短语
由on, in, with, at, of, to 等介词构成的介词短语可以用来做定语或者状语等修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。
以上这些“信号词”在拆分英语句子时可能断开的地方，但并不是绝对的。它们有助于我们看清句子结构，进而更好地理解英语原文。但是，在拆分长难句的过程中，最好不要把单独的一个英语单词拆分出来，基础好的同学可以不用过细地拆分。
二、考研英语真题中长难句拆分与表达的示例
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分点：从属连词、介词、标点符号
This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.
(2)句子结构
找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);→
找连词(when, that, that) →
前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词→
确定主从句。
主句：This trend began during the Second World War ;
从句：定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War，本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
(4)本句的参考译文
这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
总之，只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解，弄清句子的各个成分，并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂，由复杂变得简单，这样句子结构分析技能提高了，长难句也就攻克了，考研翻译也就解决了。
考研英语长难句9
英语句型看似复杂多变，其实源于两大钻石句型，即主谓宾（本句型总共有4种形式，分别因谓语动词的不同特点而决定谓语之后有无宾语或补足语，具体为：主语+谓语、主语+谓语+宾语、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，为了简明扼要的说明问题，本部分将其总结为一种句型“主语+谓语+宾语”）、主系表。每一成分皆可复杂化，由此加大了句子的理解难度。下面就演示一下这两大基本句型是如何扩展成复杂的长难句的。
钻石句型：①主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）
②主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
一、句子扩展：修饰成分加长
（一）钻石句型①主谓宾句型
The boy (主语) likes (谓语) English (宾语).
1.主语扩展：
The clever boy likes English.
The boy with a book in his hand likes English.
The boy who is full of imagination likes English.
The clever boy who is full of imagination with a book in his hand likes English.
注：主语中心词为the boy, 可以通过加形容词、介词短语、定语从句及其组合等成分使主语复杂化，从而增加理解难度。考研翻译中的主语考点多为修饰成分繁多的主语。
2.谓语扩展：
The boy likes English very much.
The boy likes English out of interest.
The boy likes English influenced by his parents.
The boy likes English, hoping that one day he can go abroad.
The boy liked English when he was five years old.
注：谓语动词like通过添加副词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、状语从句等进行扩展，从而使句子变得复杂，增加了理解难度。考研翻译中注意找准动词及其修饰成分,以弄清逻辑关系。
3.宾语扩展：
The boy likes American English.
The boy likes English, the international language.
The boy likes English which is the most widely spoken language in the world.
The boy likes English spoken by many people nowadays.
The boy likes English, a beautiful language, spoken by many people living in every corner of the world.
注：宾语English通过添加形容词（短语）、同位语、定语从句、分词短语及其组合进行扩展，从而使简单句变得复杂化。考研翻译中要注意这些修饰成分，如分词结构要找出逻辑主语等，定语从句要找出先行词，等等。
（二）钻石句型②主系表句型
The girl (主语) is (系动词) Mary (表语).
各部分扩展：
The girl in a pink hat with a book in her hand is probably Mary a kind-hearted girl of inexhaustible energy which often amazes her classmates.
注：此句的扩展同上（也是通过添加修饰成分变复杂），不再赘述。
二、句子扩展：成分替换
句子的复杂不仅体现在修饰成分繁多上，还体现在句子成分本身的复杂化上，下面就通过句子成分由简单到复杂的替换来演示句子是如何变难的。
（一）钻石句型①主谓宾句型
主语扩展：
The event amazed the world.
What happened on July 15, 20xx amazed the world.
To hold the 20xx Olympics in China amazes the world.
Holding the 20xx Olympics in China amazed the world.
That China is to hold the 20xx Olympics amazes the world.
注：由此可见，充当主语的除了简单的名词(短语)、代词、数词，还可以是形式比较复杂的动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、主语从句。考研翻译中明确这一点，才能打开思路，更好地划分句子成分，从而做到真正理解句意，进而很好的用汉语表达出来。
宾语扩展：
He can hear me.
He can hear the strange sound.
He can hear anything happening in the building.
He can hear the sound from that building.
He can hear a girl crying in the building.
He can hear whatever happens in the building.
He decided to check what’s going on in the building.
He considered going to the building for a look.
注：由此可见，充当宾语的除了简单的'名词(短语)、代词、数词，还有形式比较复杂的动词不定式(短语)，动名词(短语)，宾语从句。同样的，考研翻译中明确这一点也非常重要，有助于打开思路，理清句子成分。
（二）钻石句型②主系表句型
主语扩展：钻石句型①中的主语扩展（成分替换）已经很明确了，此处不再重复。
表语扩展：
They are beautiful.
They are in the zoo.
They are beautiful animals in the zoo.
They are interested in the new invention.
To see is to believe.
That is what we are talking about.
注：由此可见，充当表语的成分繁多，有形容词(短语)，介词短语，动词不定式(短语)，分词(短语)，名词，表语从句。考研翻译中若这些充当表语的成分变得更长一些，要注意识别。 三、示例
通过下面这个例子，并结合以上句子的扩展，体验一下英文句子的各个成分及结构。
But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
解析：
并列句。第一个分句主干：science does provide us。其中with the best available guide to the future为状语修饰provide， the best available和to the future分别为guide的前置定语和后置定语，由此本句宾语被复杂化： 第二个分句主干：it is critical that...,其中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，从句主语为名词短语our nation and the world, base...on...为固定搭配，第二个that从句为judgments的定语从句，分词结构concerning...为judgments的后置定语。
考研英语长难句10
为帮助各位考生更好的复习，下面是为大家介绍考研经典长难句分解。
1.Over the past few years one of thebiggest questions in climate science has beenwhy, since the turn of the century, averagesurface-air temperatures on Earth have notrisen, even though the concentration in theatmosphere of heat-trapping carbon dioxide hascontinued to go up.
参考译文：在过去的几年中，气候科学中最大的问题就在于，为什么，自从本世纪以来，即使大气中吸热的二氧化碳气体聚集的`越来越多，地球表面平均的气温也没有上升。
2.This“pause” in global warming has been seized on by those skeptical thathumanity needs to act on to curb greenhouse-gas emissions or even (in the case ofsome extreme sceptics) who think that man-made global warming itself is a fantasy.
词汇突破：seized on 抓住(并利用);
those skeptical that +句子:这种用法在传统的语法中并不多见，但是在经济学人这样的杂志中还是挺多的。
其实就等于those who doubt that+句子 ,大家记住就好。
参考译文：全球变暖的暂停被这些人抓住并加以利用。他们本来就不认为人类需要采取行动来控制温室气体的排放。甚至其中一些极端的质疑者认为人为的全球变暖本身就是一种幻想而已。
考研英语长难句11
By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent,
时间状语 主语 定语从句 谓语 宾语
higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
比较状语
译文：到1996年为止，1970年以前到达美国的境外移民中拥有房产的比例达到75.6%，高于本土美国人69.8%的比例。
分析：本句的主干结构为foreign-born immigrants…had a home ownership rate…。主语是foreign-born immigrants，后面的who had arrived before 1970是对主语进行补充说明，是关系代词who引导的定语从句，who指代前面的immigrants作从句的主语。higher than…Americans是比较状语，将移民和美国本土居民的房产所有率进行比较。
That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery
主语 谓语 原因状语从句 宾语从句 定语从句
comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.
条件状语从句
译文：而发现这些变化很重要，因为理论表明一个渔场只有将捕捞物种的生物量保持在原始基数的50%左右时，才能获得最大的可持续捕捞量。
分析： 本句的主干很短，只有That matters，其中代词that指代上句中提到的“海洋中发生的大规模变化”。Because引导原因状语从句，该从句的.主干结构是“theory suggests + that引导的宾语从句”。该宾语从句的主干为the maximum sustainable yield…comes…。这个宾语从句还包含两个从句，一个是定语从句that can be cropped from a fishery，修饰的是yield;最后还有when引导的条件状语从句，说明这种yield出现的条件。
Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic
形式主语 系动词 表语 状语 主语从句1
assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust
主语从句2
than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
译文：即使是最笨的管理者也应该知道，信任是最有价值的经济资产，它极易被破坏，并且恢复起来代价巨大——没有什么比任由敏感的个人信息落入不当之人的手中更能毁掉公司信誉的了。
分析：主句中it是形式主语，其后有两个由that引导的主语从句做真正的主语。主语从句1的主干是trust…is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore，trust后面的that most valuable of economic assets
是trust的同位语，用来补充说明trust的价值。主语从句2的主干是few things are more likely to destroy trust than…，和主语从句1之间用and连接。
Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black
主语 定语从句 宾语从句 时间状语
soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their
时间状语 谓语 宾语 后置定语 目的状语
freedom in his will.
译文：华盛顿看到黑人士兵在美国独立战争中的英勇表现后，开始相信人生而平等，因此他不顾亲人的极力反对，在遗嘱中给予了他的奴隶们自由。
分析：本句的主干是Washington…overcame the strong opposition…。Who引导的非限定性定语从句对先行词Washington做进一步的解释说明。该定语从句中，who代替Washington充当主语，谓语是had begun to believe，宾语是that引导的定语从句，after observin
考研英语长难句12
【提要】考研英语信息 : 20xx考研英语：长难句练习及解析【29】
Questions are increasingly being asked by the councils about how they can be sure that misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide.
【核心词汇】
increasingly ad.越来越多地，渐增地
council n.委员会，会议
misconduct n.不端行为，处理不当
grant n.拨款，授予物，同意
【结构分析】
本句主干为Questions are increasingly being asked about...，动作实施者by the councils构成了分隔结构，将ask和about分开。在翻译时，我们可以化被动为主动，the council are increasingly asking questions about...，由介词about后的宾语由how they can be sure...充当。
【参考译文】
各委员会越来越多地提出问题——关于他们如何能够确保在他们同意的情况下避免发生处理不当的.行为。
考研英语长难句13
【提要】考研英语信息 : 20xx考研英语：长难句练习及解析【45】
In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected.
【核心词汇】
epidemic n.流行病，流行传播
influential n.有影响力的人
persuasive a.劝说的，有说服力的
tiny a.微小的，很少的
minority n.少数
informed a.消息灵通的.，见多识广的
【结构分析】
主干是Malcolm Gladwell argues that。That引导一个复杂的宾语从句“social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected，该宾语从句中的谓语动词是被动语态的形式“are driven in large part by”另外，句中的“who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected”是一个定语从句，也用来修饰限定前面的名词individuals。
【参考译文】
在其《引爆点》一书中，Malcolm Gladwell认为：“社会流行”在很大程度上受到极少数特殊个人行为的驱动，这些人通常被称作有影响的人，他们消息异常灵通、有说服力，或者有良好的联系。
考研英语长难句14
1. Priestly explains how the deep bluecolor of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows todepartment stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless foundher garment.(20xx T1 P1)
翻译：Priestly解释了她的女助理身穿的那件毛衣的深蓝色多年来是怎样从T台沦落到百货商店,又如何从百货商店沦落到打折区中, 毫无疑问,这个可怜的姑娘最后在这里(打折区)淘到了它。(20xx T1 P1)
2. This top-down conception of thefashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverishworld described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of“fast fashion”. (20xx T1 P2)
翻译：这个时尚业自上而下的概念太过时了,或者说它和Elizabeth Cline在《过度着装》(Elizabeth Cline用三年时间所写的对于“快时尚”的控诉)一书中所描述的狂热世界大相径庭。(20xx T1 P2)
3.In December 20xx America’s FederalTrade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option tointernet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not wantto be followed.(20xx T2 P3)
翻译：20xx年12月,美国联邦贸易委员会提议在互联网浏览器中添加一个“禁止追踪”的选项,这样用户可以告知广告商们他们不想被追踪。(20xx T2 P3)
4. Unable to tell whether someonereally objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’sdefault, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. (20xx T2 P6)
翻译：由于无法判断人们是真的反对行为广告还是他们坚持使用微软浏览器的默认设置,一些广告商可能会忽视“禁止追踪” 的标签,继续追踪(人们的网上痕迹)。(20xx T2 P6)
5. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, ithas chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default willbecome the norm. (20xx T2 P7)
翻译：如果微软试图击败几乎完全依靠广告业务的谷歌,那么它选择了一个并不直接的方法: 我们无法保证把“禁止追踪”作为默认设置会成为行业准则。(20xx T2 P7)
6. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatenedspecies of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) andyou will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widelydistributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threatsresulting in an overall population decline.”(20xx T3 P3)
翻译：在国际自然保护联盟的“濒危物种红色名单”中查阅“智人” 这一条目,你会看到:“因为此物种分布广泛,适应性强,目前数量正在不断增加, 并且没有导致该物种数量下降的主要威胁, 因此该物种被列为了无危物种。”(20xx T3 P3)
7. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: wehave now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of theplanet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situationsin which our descendants will find themselves.(20xx T3 P6)
翻译：正如很多时候,过去掌握着通往未来的钥匙:我们现在已经对塑造地球和历史的长期模式有了很充分的认识,我们可以以此为依据来预测我们子孙后代的生存环境。(20xx T3 P6)
8. The Constitutional principles that Washington alonehas the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federallaws precede state laws are noncontroversial.(20xx T4 P2)
翻译：宪法规定只有华盛顿政府有权利去“制定统一的入籍规则”,以及联邦法律优先于州法律,这两项都是毋庸置疑的。(20xx T4 P2)
9. The Administration was in essence asserting thatbecause it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no stateshould be allowed to do so either. (20xx T4 P7)
翻译：政府实质上一直声称因为自己并不想执行国会的移民意愿,所以它(政府)也不允许任何州这样做。(20xx T4 P7)
10. On first hearing, this was the socially concernedchancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” toan obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newlyunemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. (20xx T1 P2)
翻译：乍一听,这是一位关心民生的财政大臣正试着去帮人们改善生活,包括去“改革”一个明显纵容的社会(福利)系统, 它对新失业者要求甚少并且还滋生懒惰。(20xx T1 P2)
11. What motivated him, we were to understand, was hiszeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spendingand ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. (20xx T1 P2)
翻译：然而我们要明白,他的动机是源自于对 “基本公平”的热情—保护纳税人,控制开销并且确保只有那些最应得的救济的申请者才能申领救济金。(20xx T1 P2)
12. There is pressure for change from within theprofession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keepingoutsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make moneyrather than serve clients ethically. (20xx T2 P5)
翻译：行业内部也有改革的压力,但是反对改革的管理者坚持认为禁止外人(外部资金) 进入律师事务所使得律师远离赚钱的压力, 而按照职业道德更好地为客户服务。(20xx T2 P5)
13. In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in lawfirms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging lawfirms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus onimproving firms’ efficiency. (20xx T2 P6)
翻译：实际上,通过律所运用新的技术, 招募致力于提升公司效率的职业经理人, 允许非律师拥有律师事务所的股份,将会降低成本,提升服务(质量)。(20xx T2 P6)
14. There is just one path for a lawyer in most Americanstates: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then athree- year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American BarAssociation and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. (20xx T2 P3)
翻译：在美国的绝大多数州想成为律师只有一条途径: 首先在(与法律专业)不相关的专业读四年本科,然后在经过美国律师协会授权的200所法学院中读 3 年的法学学位,并且再花巨资准备律师资格考试。(20xx T2 P3)
15. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipientsper prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by thecollaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by theinevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discoveryof the Higgs boson. (20xx T3 P4)
翻译：但是诺贝尔学奖关于每个奖项限三名获奖者,而且他们必须在世的限制已经因为现代科学的合作方式而变得不再适用,并将会在承认希格斯玻色子的发现时被证明,因为到时会不可避免的出现哪位科学家被忽视了这样的`争论。(20xx T3 P4)
16. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, aswell as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. (20xx T4 P2)
翻译：该委员会由51名委员组成,在他们当中,有顶级高等学校的校长、学者、律师、法官以及企业经理,还包括了外交、电影、音乐和新闻界的杰出的人物。(20xx T4 P2)
17. The commission ignores that for several decadesAmerica’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know thecontent and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of itsbenefits. (20xx T4 P4)
翻译：委员会忽略了数十年来存在的问题,美国大学所培养出来的毕业生并未真正了解人文教育的内容和特点,因此并没有从中获益。(20xx T4 P4)
18. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economistsare warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolicheart of modern democratic states. (20xx T1 P4)
翻译：当 ThomasPiketty和其他经济学家开始对于日益加剧的不公和继承财富的权利发出警告时,那些富有的贵族家庭依然被看做是现代民主国家象征就显得令人费解了。(20xx T1 P4)
19. While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smartenough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have mostto fear from the Spanish example. (20xx T1 P6)
翻译：查尔斯应该明白:正如英国历史所示,共和党并非君主制最大的敌人,国王(本身的言行) 才是君主制最大的敌人。(20xx T1 P6)
20. The Supreme Court will now consider whether policecan search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is onor around a person during an arrest. (20xx T2 P1)
翻译：现在,最高法院将要考虑的是警察是否可以在没有搜查令的情况下搜查在逮捕期间的嫌疑人的手机内容。(20xx T2 P1)
21. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendmentprotections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could takereasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while awarrant is pending. (20xx T2 P6)
翻译：当面临严重紧急情况时他们仍然会违反第四修正法案的保护条例,他们需要采取合理的措施来确保在没有拿到搜查令的时候手机数据不会被删除或修改。(20xx T2 P6)
22. Asked whether any particular papers had impelled thechange, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated byconcerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis inscientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increasereproducibility in the research we publish.” (20xx T3 P3)
翻译：当被问及是否是某篇特定的出版物促使了这个变化,McNutt回答道:“统计委员会的设立是受对科学调查的统计应用和数据分析的广泛担忧所驱使的,并且它是杂志整体趋势的一部分,用以增加出版文章的可复制性。” (20xx T3 P3)
23. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrotein 20xx, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers whoare statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. (20xx T3 P6)
翻译：他在20xx年写到研究者应该提升他们的标准,而杂志也应该采取一个更加严格的路线“参与的审查者应该具有统计学知识,并且编辑应该核实这一流程”。(20xx T3 P6)
24. One of the astonishing revelations was how littleRebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought toask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. (20xx T4 P4)
翻译：其中一个令人惊讶的事实是Rebekah Brooks竟不知道她的编辑部所发生的事,也没想到自己会被审问,事实上,她也从未过问事情是怎样发生的。(20xx T4 P4)
25. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions abouthow her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave noinstructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers. (20xx T4 P6)
翻译：Brooks女士可能怀疑或可能没怀疑过她的记者们是如何得到他们所写的故事的, 但是她没有询问,没有做出指示,即没有得到可追溯的记录下来的回答。
考研英语长难句15
【提要】考研英语信息 : 20xx考研英语：长难句练习及解析
Having succeeded as a convenient vehicle for every conceivable political and commercial slogan, the threads themselves are becoming the newest message, logically enough.
【核心词汇】succeed v.成功，继承 convenient a.方便的 vehicle n.车辆，工具，媒介 commercial a.商业的，盈利的 conceivable a.可能的，想得到的 slogan n.标语，呐喊声 thread n.衣服，线状物 logically ad.逻辑上，合乎逻辑
【结构分析】本句为主从复合句。本句中的主语与从句中的主语一致，从句中省去主谓，造成分词作伴随状语的形式。主句部分是the threads themselves are becoming the newest message, logically enough.，句末的.logically enough是状语。
【参考译文】成功作为政治和商业口号的一种便捷媒介物后，衣服本身也成为了最新的信息，这也是合乎逻辑的。
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